與神明同在：
再探拜謁花蓮「慈惠總堂」靈乩演示的靈動之舞
本研究是以拜謁花蓮「慈惠堂」總堂的靈乩為對象，再探母娘信仰與身體文化相依相生的舞蹈圖像，以提供一個學院體制外的舞蹈視野。本文意圖解答的核心問題是：看似「巫」舞的靈動現象，為何出現於21世紀科技發達的台灣現代社會？連結宗教信仰與舞蹈操演的靈動之舞有何模式或機制可循？靈動之舞的身體景觀與文化指涉是什麼？在新冠肺炎的疫情下，靈動之舞有何變化？本文援引表演理論和紮根美學的概念而發現，由打坐、收驚、拜拜所觸發的靈動，演變成一種近乎扮裝的表演行為，而其中以仙佛為「道」的集體舞動所擷取的造型與象徵符碼，其實是紮根在地方戲曲中的扮仙戲，靈動乃是「依靈而舞」的信仰圖像。因此，「神返身中」遂成為素人自學靈動之舞的體現。
關鍵字：靈動、素人舞蹈、靈乩、宗教扮裝、慈惠堂
Being with the Taoist Spirits:
Revisiting Pilgrimage Dancing at Hualien’s Tzuhui Temple in Taiwan
This essay is to delineate the various visiting spiritual-mediums’ dance improvisations at Hualien’s Tzuhui Temple in Taiwan. These Taoist shamans, or Ling-ji, are quite different from those Tang-ji shamans who often perform divine miracles by bleeding stunts. The Ling-ji shamans regularly show their loyalty to, and communicate with the Golden Mother Goddess of the Jasper Pool by means of dancing singing and/or martial arts. As such, the population of Ling-ji shamans is growing far more than that of the Tang-ji. Through intensive fieldwork at the site, I have examined the following research questions: What constitutes pilgrimage dancing for the Mother Goddess in general? What makes such spiritually provoked “witch-like dancing” persist into 21st century Taiwan? To what extent, is improvisational dancing related to religious icons of performativity? How do Ling-ji shamans learn about dance? What does dance mean to them? What are the patterns and social mechanism of Ling-ji’s modes of dancing? With the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic, how will Ling-ji’s dancing icons be affected anf/or effected? The research will draw upon Richard Schechner’s theory of performance and Paul Willis’ concept of “grounded aesthetics” to review the issues related to the dance vision of common people in an open manner. The researcher preliminarily discovered that Ling-ji shamans have somehow dramatized their spiritual expressions through dancing and moved toward a spiritual cosplay within such a religious context.
Keywords: pilgrimage dancing, performative icon, Ling-ji, spiritual cosplay, Tzuhui Temple
講者:盧玉珍 教授
盧玉珍
東華大學族群關係與文化學系退休教授，Pulima獎提名觀察人，《部落外一村》作者。美國私立紐約大學（New York University）表演學哲學博士（Ph.D.）、紐約Laban/Bartenieff Institute of Movement Studies（LIMS）動作分析師（CMA）、加州大學洛杉磯分校（UCLA）舞蹈碩士、師大美術系學士。新古典舞團創始團員，擔任舞者十年以上，並曾任實踐大學觀光系系主任、文建會研究員、國中美術老師十年，且曾為《台灣舞蹈研究》期刊第三期（2007）及第十一期（2016）專輯之主編。畢生致力於舞蹈的跨領域、跨文化研究。E-mail: angelikayjlu@gmail.com
Yuh-jen LU (Ph.D., New York University) was Professor in the Department of Ethnic Relations and Cultures at National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, where she retired in 2018. She is a nominator of the Pulima Art Award and the author of A Village beyond the Tribal Walls: Dancing Tourism, Tourist Dancing (2018), now in its second edition. A founding member of the Neo-classic Dance Company in Taiwan, she continues to pursue dance research and most recent essay “De-centering ‘China,’ Becoming Floating Signifiers: The Chinese Diaspora in U.S. Modern Dance (1989-1995)” appears in the Taiwan Dance Research Journal (14). She is currently working on a book about dancing modernity. E-mail: angelikayjlu@gmail.com