文化人類學對現代舞蹈教育的意義—兼談大陸普通學校舞蹈教育現狀
德國藝術史家格羅塞的《藝術的起源》於上世紀傳入中國後，1934年林惠祥就以《文化人類學》為名發表了專著，同一時期詩人聞一多論文《說舞》發表，直接傳播了格羅塞的理論，並專門討論了舞蹈。20世紀當代中國學者易中天專著《藝術人類學》，將格氏“不是表演給人看的舞蹈才是具有本質意義的舞蹈”觀點予以發揮，這一觀點恰與歐洲20世紀奧爾夫音樂教學法的“原本性”概念不謀而合。
上述文化人類學觀點均為本文作者在開創中國大陸普通學校舞蹈課提供了理論支撐，使這一艱難的專案得以完成，並在北京100所中小學開設了“素質教育舞蹈課”。目前該課程已成為北京舞蹈學院教育學院本科主課，也成為部分全國師範院校師生學習的課程。
關鍵字：格羅塞；原本性；素質教育舞蹈課
The Significance of Cultural Anthropology to Modern Dance Education ——The Status of Dance Education in Regular Schools in Mainland China
After German art historian Ernst Grosse’s book The Origin of Arts introduced to China in the last century, Lin Huixiang published a monograph titled Cultural Anthropology in 1934. During the same period, poet Wen Yiduo published an article On Dance, which directly spread the theory of Grosse and specifically discussed dance. In the 20th Century, contemporary Chinese scholar Yi Zhongtian’s monograph Anthropology of Art further developed Grosse’s argument that “the dance that is not performed to people is the dance with essential significance.”This view happened to coincide with the notion of“original nature theory”(child's natural sense of play)proposed by Orff for music education methodology in the 20th Century in Europe.
The above standpoints in cultural anthropology provide theoretical foundation for the author to create dance courses in ordinary schools in mainland China, which allowed this difficult project to come to a fruition and led to the establishment of “Quality-oriented Dance Course”in 100 primary and secondary schools in Beijing. At present, this curriculum has become the main course for undergraduates of the School of Education at Beijing Dance Academy. In addition, it has also become a course for teachers and students in some national normal colleges.
Keywords: Ernst Grosse, Original Nature Theory ,Quality-oriented Dance Course.
講者:呂藝生 院長
男，1937年生於中國黑龍江省湯原縣，1949年5月從藝。曾任北京舞蹈學院院長、中國舞蹈家協會副主席、北京舞蹈家協會主席、北舞與北大博士生導師。著有《舞蹈學導論》《舞論》《舞蹈美學》《舞蹈教育學》《大型晚會編導藝術》等24部專著。其中《舞蹈美學》獲中國文聯全國理論著作一等獎、《舞蹈教育學》獲教育部優秀教材二等獎。擔任第四次世界婦女大會開幕式、歡慶香港、澳門回歸等二十多部大型晚會總導演。2013年獲教育部人生科學協會全國十大人生誠信人物，2014年獲中國舞協終身成就獎。
Yisheng lyu, male, was born in Tangyuan County, Heilongjiang Province, China in 1937. He began his dance career in May 1949. He was the President of Beijing Dance Academy, Vice Chairman of Chinese Dancers Association, Chairman of Beijing Dancers Association and doctoral supervisor at Beijing Dance Academy and Peking University. He is the author of 24 monographs, including Introduction to Dance Studies, Dance Theory, Dance Aesthetics, Dance Pedagogy and The Art of Directing large-scale Evening Galas. Among them, Dance Aesthetics won the first prize for the National Theoretical Publications from China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and Dance Pedagogy won the second prize for Excellent Teaching Materials from the Ministry of Education. Served as the Chief Director of more than 20 large-scale performances such as the opening ceremony of the Fourth World Conference on Women and celebrations for the return of Hong Kong and Macao. In 2013, he was awarded the “National Top Ten Life Integrity Figures” by China Life Science Society of the Ministry of Education. In 2014, he was awarded the “Lifetime Achievement Award” by Chinese Dancers Association.